The Pyramids of Giza has three main pyramids. The oldest and largest pyramid is built by the 4th dynasty king Khufu from (2589 BC to 2566 BC). His son, Khafra built the 2nd largest pyramid from (2558 to 2532 BC). Khafra's pyramid still preserve a considerable part of its limestone casing at the top. When the pyramids were first built, they were covered in smooth limestone which reflected the sun's rays, but during the 11th century on, the people removed the smooth limestones and used them for the construction of new buildings in Cairo. Khafra also built the sphinx (next to his pyramid), which bears his image. The third and smallest pyramid belonged to Khafra's son, Menkaure, built from (2532 to 2504 BC).

Contrary to popular belief, the pyramids were not built by slaves. Teams of skilled labourers were hired for three months at a time to work on the pyramids. For the labourers, it was an honor to work on the pyramids.

The sphinx sits guard over the three Pyramid complex. It was built by Khafre, the builder of the 2nd largest pyramid from (2558 to 2532 BC), and the builder of the sphinx which bears his image. Khafre's father, Khufu built the largest pyramid from 2589 to 2566 BC), while Khafre's son, Menkaure, built the smallest pyramid from (2532 to 2504 BC). The sphinx is disfigured and beardless, it is said, thanks to the Islamic Mamluk's artillery practice in the 13th century.

Khafra's pyramid (behind the sphinx) still preserve a considerable part of its limestone casing at the top. When the pyramids were first built, they were covered in smooth limestone which reflected the sun's rays, but during the 11th century on, the people removed the smooth limestones and used them for the construction of new buildings in Cairo.